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SARS-CoV-2

  • Open Access
    Coordinating and Assisting Research at the SARS-CoV-2/Microbiome Nexus
    Commentary | Host-Microbe Biology
    Coordinating and Assisting Research at the SARS-CoV-2/Microbiome Nexus

    Although the COVID-19 pandemic is caused by a single virus, the rest of the human microbiome appears to be involved in the disease and could influence vaccine responses while offering opportunities for microbiome-directed therapeutics. The newly formed Microbiome Centers Consortium (MCC) surveyed its membership and identified four ways to leverage the strengths and experience of microbiome centers in the response to the COVID-19...

    Microbiome Centers Consortium COVID Committee
  • Open Access
    Handwashing and Detergent Treatment Greatly Reduce SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load on Halloween Candy Handled by COVID-19 Patients
    Observation | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    Handwashing and Detergent Treatment Greatly Reduce SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load on Halloween Candy Handled by COVID-19 Patients

    The COVID-19 pandemic is leading to important tradeoffs between risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission and mental health due to deprivation from normal activities, with these impacts being especially profound in children. Due to the ongoing pandemic, Halloween activities will be curtailed as a result of the concern that candy from strangers might act as fomites. Here, we demonstrate that these...

    Rodolfo A. Salido, Sydney C. Morgan, Maria I. Rojas, Celestine G. Magallanes, Clarisse Marotz, Peter DeHoff, Pedro Belda-Ferre, Stefan Aigner, Deborah M. Kado, Gene W. Yeo, Jack A. Gilbert, Louise Laurent, Forest Rohwer, Rob Knight
  • Open Access
    End-to-End Protocol for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 from Built Environments
    Research Article | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    End-to-End Protocol for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 from Built Environments

    The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (the virus responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) pandemic has led to a global slowdown with far-reaching financial and social impacts. The SARS-CoV-2 respiratory virus is primarily transmitted from person to person through inhalation of infected droplets or aerosols. However, some studies have shown that virions can remain infectious on surfaces for...

    Ceth W. Parker, Nitin Singh, Scott Tighe, Adriana Blachowicz, Jason M. Wood, Arman Seuylemezian, Parag Vaishampayan, Camilla Urbaniak, Ryan Hendrickson, Pheobe Laaguiby, Kevin Clark, Brian G. Clement, Niamh B. O’Hara, Mara Couto-Rodriguez, Daniela Bezdan, Christopher E. Mason, Kasthuri Venkateswaran
  • Open Access
    Low Baseline Pulmonary Levels of Cytotoxic Lymphocytes as a Predisposing Risk Factor for Severe COVID-19
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Low Baseline Pulmonary Levels of Cytotoxic Lymphocytes as a Predisposing Risk Factor for Severe COVID-19

    COVID-19 is caused by the highly contagious coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and currently has detrimental human health, community, and economic impacts around the world. It is unclear why some SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals develop severe COVID-19 symptoms, which can be fatal, while others only develop mild symptoms. In the absence of an effective and widely available vaccine, it is of paramount importance that we identify risk factors for...

    Pascal H. G. Duijf
  • Open Access
    Comparative Genomic Analysis of Rapidly Evolving SARS-CoV-2 Reveals Mosaic Pattern of Phylogeographical Distribution
    Research Article | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    Comparative Genomic Analysis of Rapidly Evolving SARS-CoV-2 Reveals Mosaic Pattern of Phylogeographical Distribution

    The COVID-19 pandemic continues to storm the world, with over 6.5 million cases worldwide. The severity of the disease varies with the territories and is mainly influenced by population density and age factor. In this study, we analyzed the transmission pattern of 95 SARS-CoV-2 genomes isolated from 11 different countries. Our study also revealed several nonsynonymous mutations in ORF1b and S-proteins and the impact on their structural...

    Roshan Kumar, Helianthous Verma, Nirjara Singhvi, Utkarsh Sood, Vipin Gupta, Mona Singh, Rashmi Kumari, Princy Hira, Shekhar Nagar, Chandni Talwar, Namita Nayyar, Shailly Anand, Charu Dogra Rawat, Mansi Verma, Ram Krishan Negi, Yogendra Singh, Rup Lal
  • Open Access
    SARS-CoV-2 Titers in Wastewater Are Higher than Expected from Clinically Confirmed Cases
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Applied and Environmental Science
    SARS-CoV-2 Titers in Wastewater Are Higher than Expected from Clinically Confirmed Cases

    Wastewater-based surveillance is a promising approach for proactive outbreak monitoring. SARS-CoV-2 is shed in stool early in the clinical course and infects a large asymptomatic population, making it an ideal target for wastewater-based monitoring. In this study, we develop a laboratory protocol to quantify viral titers in raw sewage via qPCR analysis and validate results with sequencing analysis. Our results suggest that the number of...

    Fuqing Wu, Jianbo Zhang, Amy Xiao, Xiaoqiong Gu, Wei Lin Lee, Federica Armas, Kathryn Kauffman, William Hanage, Mariana Matus, Newsha Ghaeli, Noriko Endo, Claire Duvallet, Mathilde Poyet, Katya Moniz, Alex D. Washburne, Timothy B. Erickson, Peter R. Chai, Janelle Thompson, Eric J. Alm
  • Open Access
    Protections against the Risk of Airborne SARS-CoV-2 Infection
    Letter to the Editor | Applied and Environmental Science
    Protections against the Risk of Airborne SARS-CoV-2 Infection
    Clement J. McDonald
  • Open Access
    SARS-CoV-2 and ORF3a: Nonsynonymous Mutations, Functional Domains, and Viral Pathogenesis
    Observation | Clinical Science and Epidemiology
    SARS-CoV-2 and ORF3a: Nonsynonymous Mutations, Functional Domains, and Viral Pathogenesis

    At the surge of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we detected and identified six functional domains (I to VI) in the SARS-CoV-2 3a protein. Our analysis showed that the functional domains were linked to virulence, infectivity, ion channel formation, and virus release in SARS-CoV-2 3a. Our study also revealed the functional importance of conserved domains across the species barrier. Observations reported in this study...

    Elio Issa, Georgi Merhi, Balig Panossian, Tamara Salloum, Sima Tokajian
  • Open Access
    2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: Built Environment Considerations To Reduce Transmission
    Editor's Pick Minireview | Applied and Environmental Science
    2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: Built Environment Considerations To Reduce Transmission

    With the rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that results in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), corporate entities, federal, state, county, and city governments, universities, school districts, places of worship, prisons, health care facilities, assisted living organizations, daycares, homeowners, and other building owners and occupants have an opportunity to reduce the potential for...

    Leslie Dietz, Patrick F. Horve, David A. Coil, Mark Fretz, Jonathan A. Eisen, Kevin Van Den Wymelenberg
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