obesity
Research Article | Host-Microbe BiologyCorrelations between α-Linolenic Acid-Improved Multitissue Homeostasis and Gut Microbiota in Mice Fed a High-Fat DietInsufficient intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is an important issue in modern Western-style diets. A large amount of evidence now suggests that a balanced intestinal microecology is considered an important part of health. Our results show that α-linolenic acid administration significantly improved the host metabolic phenotype and gut microbiota of mice fed a high-fat diet, and there was a correlation between the...
Research Article | Host-Microbe BiologyDepletion of Blautia Species in the Microbiota of Obese Children Relates to Intestinal Inflammation and Metabolic Phenotype WorseningChild obesity constitutes a risk factor for developing insulin resistance which, if sustained, could lead to more severe conditions like type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adulthood. Our study identified previously unknown species whose depletion (Blautia luti and Blautia wexlerae) is associated with insulin...
Research Article | Molecular Biology and PhysiologyRapid and Concomitant Gut Microbiota and Endocannabinoidome Response to Diet-Induced Obesity in MiceThe intestinal microbiota and the expanded endocannabinoid system, or endocannabinoidome, have both been implicated in diet-induced obesity and dysmetabolism. This study aims at identifying the potential interactions between these two fundamental systems—which form the gut microbiota-endocannabinoidome axis—and their involvement in the establishment of diet-induced obesity and related metabolic complications. We report here time- and...
Research Article | Host-Microbe BiologyA Metagenomic Meta-analysis Reveals Functional Signatures of Health and Disease in the Human Gut MicrobiomeThe composition of the gut microbiome associates with a wide range of human diseases, but the mechanisms underpinning these associations are not well understood. To shift toward a mechanistic understanding, we integrated distinct metagenomic data sets to identify functions encoded in the gut microbiome that associate with multiple diseases, which may be important to human health. Additionally, we identified functions that associate with...
Special Issue Perspective | Therapeutics and PreventionBeyond Structure: Defining the Function of the Gut Using Omic Approaches for Rational Design of Personalized TherapeuticsOver the past 10 years, microbiome research has focused on defining the structures associated with different disease states in multiple systems, but has fallen short on showing causation. Prior omic studies have generated many new hypotheses, but moving forward we need to start dissecting the function of each bacterium alone and in concert with complex bacterial communities in well-characterized systems.
Editor's Pick Observation | Host-Microbe BiologyIndividualized Responses of Gut Microbiota to Dietary Intervention Modeled in Humanized MiceDietary modification has long been used empirically to modify symptoms in inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and a diverse group of diseases with gastrointestinal symptoms. There is both anecdotal and scientific evidence to suggest that individuals respond quite differently to similar dietary changes, and the highly individualized nature of the gut microbiota makes it a prime candidate for these differences. To...