microbiota
Special Issue Perspective | Host-Microbe BiologyMetaproteomics: Much More than Measuring Gene Expression in Microbial CommunitiesMetaproteomics is the large-scale identification and quantification of proteins from microbial communities and thus provides direct insight into the phenotypes of microorganisms on the molecular level. Initially, metaproteomics was mainly used to assess the “expressed” metabolism and physiology of microbial community members.
Research Article | Host-Microbe BiologyAltered Bacterial-Fungal Interkingdom Networks in the Guts of Ankylosing Spondylitis PatientsThe human gut is colonized by diverse fungi (mycobiota), and fungi have long been suspected in the pathogenesis of SpA. Our study unraveled a disease-specific interkingdom network alteration in AS, suggesting that fungi, or the interkingdom interactions between bacteria and fungi, may play an essential role in AS development. However, our study is limited by sample size, and in-depth mechanism studies and additional large-scale...
Editor's Pick Research Article | Host-Microbe BiologyFiner-Scale Phylosymbiosis: Insights from Insect ViromesViruses are the most abundant biological entity on the planet and interact with microbial communities with which they associate. The virome of animals is often dominated by bacterial viruses, known as bacteriophages or phages, which can (re)structure bacterial communities potentially vital to the animal host. Beta diversity relationships of animal-associated bacterial communities in laboratory and wild populations frequently parallel...
Resource Report | Host-Microbe BiologyNew Insights into Human Nostril Microbiome from the Expanded Human Oral Microbiome Database (eHOMD): a Resource for the Microbiome of the Human Aerodigestive TractThe eHOMD (http://www.ehomd.org) is a valuable resource for researchers, from basic to clinical, who study the microbiomes and the individual microbes in body sites in the human aerodigestive tract, which includes the nasal passages, sinuses, throat, esophagus, and mouth, and the lower respiratory tract, in health and disease. The eHOMD is an actively curated, web-based, open-access resource. eHOMD...
Research Article | Host-Microbe BiologyInfluence of Feeding Type and Nosema ceranae Infection on the Gut Microbiota of Apis cerana WorkersThe gut microbiota plays an essential role in the health of bees. Scientific evidence suggests that diet and infection can affect the gut microbiota and modulate the health of the gut; however, the interplay between those two factors and the bee gut microbiota is not well known. In this study, we used a high-throughput sequencing method to monitor the changes of gut microbiota associated with both feeding types and...
Research Article | Therapeutics and PreventionBacteriophages Synergize with the Gut Microbial Community To Combat SalmonellaAntibiotic-resistant bacteria are a global threat. Therefore, alternative approaches for combatting bacteria, especially antibiotic-resistant bacteria, are urgently needed. Using a human gut microbiota model, we demonstrate that bacteriophages (phages) are able to substantially decrease pathogenic Salmonella without perturbing the microbiota. Conversely, antibiotic treatment leads to the eradication of close to all commensal...
Special Issue Perspective | Therapeutics and PreventionBeyond Structure: Defining the Function of the Gut Using Omic Approaches for Rational Design of Personalized TherapeuticsOver the past 10 years, microbiome research has focused on defining the structures associated with different disease states in multiple systems, but has fallen short on showing causation. Prior omic studies have generated many new hypotheses, but moving forward we need to start dissecting the function of each bacterium alone and in concert with complex bacterial communities in well-characterized systems.
Methods and Protocols | Novel Systems Biology TechniquesDirect PCR Offers a Fast and Reliable Alternative to Conventional DNA Isolation Methods for Gut MicrobiomesThe microbial communities of animals can have large impacts on their hosts, and the number of studies using high-throughput sequencing to measure gut microbiomes is rapidly increasing. However, the library preparation procedure in microbiome research is both costly and time-consuming, especially for large numbers of samples. We investigated a cheaper and faster direct PCR method designed to bypass the DNA isolation steps during 16S rRNA...
Editor's Pick Research Article | Host-Microbe BiologyMulti-omics Comparative Analysis Reveals Multiple Layers of Host Signaling Pathway Regulation by the Gut MicrobiotaMultiple host pathways were affected by its adaptation to the microbiota. We have found significant transcriptome-proteome discordance caused by the microbiota. This discovery leads to the definite conclusion that transcript-level analysis is not sufficient to predict protein levels and their influence on the function of many specific cellular pathways, so only analysis of combinations of the quantitative data determined at different...
Research Article | Host-Microbe BiologyDifferences in Gut Metabolites and Microbial Composition and Functions between Egyptian and U.S. Children Are Consistent with Their DietsThe human gastrointestinal microbiota functions as an important mediator of diet for host metabolism. To evaluate how consumed diets influence the gut environment, we carried out simultaneous interrogations of distal gut microbiota and metabolites in samples from healthy children in Egypt and the United States. While Egyptian children consumed a Mediterranean diet rich in plant foods, U.S. children consumed a Western diet high in animal...