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inflammatory bowel disease

  • Open Access
    Physical Activity Shapes the Intestinal Microbiome and Immunity of Healthy Mice but Has No Protective Effects against Colitis in MUC2<sup>−/−</sup> Mice
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Physical Activity Shapes the Intestinal Microbiome and Immunity of Healthy Mice but Has No Protective Effects against Colitis in MUC2−/− Mice

    Perturbation in the gut microbial ecosystem has been associated with various diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease. Habitual physical activity, through its ability to modulate the gut microbiome, has recently been shown to prophylactically protect against chemically induced models of murine colitis. Here, we (i) confirm previous reports that physical activity has limited but significant effects on the gut microbiome of mice and...

    Mehrbod Estaki, Douglas W. Morck, Sanjoy Ghosh, Candice Quin, Jason Pither, Jacqueline A. Barnett, Sandeep K. Gill, Deanna L. Gibson
  • Open Access
    A Metagenomic Meta-analysis Reveals Functional Signatures of Health and Disease in the Human Gut Microbiome
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    A Metagenomic Meta-analysis Reveals Functional Signatures of Health and Disease in the Human Gut Microbiome

    The composition of the gut microbiome associates with a wide range of human diseases, but the mechanisms underpinning these associations are not well understood. To shift toward a mechanistic understanding, we integrated distinct metagenomic data sets to identify functions encoded in the gut microbiome that associate with multiple diseases, which may be important to human health. Additionally, we identified functions that associate with...

    Courtney R. Armour, Stephen Nayfach, Katherine S. Pollard, Thomas J. Sharpton
  • Open Access
    Evaluating Metagenomic Prediction of the Metaproteome in a 4.5-Year Study of a Patient with Crohn's Disease
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Evaluating Metagenomic Prediction of the Metaproteome in a 4.5-Year Study of a Patient with Crohn's Disease

    A majority of current microbiome research relies heavily on DNA analysis. However, as the field moves toward understanding the microbial functions related to healthy and disease states, it is critical to evaluate how changes in DNA relate to changes in proteins, which are functional units of the genome. This study tracked the abundance of genes and proteins as they fluctuated during various inflammatory states in a 4.5-year study of a...

    Robert H. Mills, Yoshiki Vázquez-Baeza, Qiyun Zhu, Lingjing Jiang, James Gaffney, Greg Humphrey, Larry Smarr, Rob Knight, David J. Gonzalez
  • Open Access
    Interleukin 1α-Deficient Mice Have an Altered Gut Microbiota Leading to Protection from Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Interleukin 1α-Deficient Mice Have an Altered Gut Microbiota Leading to Protection from Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis

    Here, we show a connection between IL-1α expression, microbiota composition, and clinical outcomes of DSS-induced colitis. Specifically, we show that the mild colitis symptoms seen in IL-1α-deficient mice following administration of DSS are correlated with the unique gut microbiota compositions of the mice. However, when these mice are exposed to WT microbiota by cohousing, their gut microbiota composition returns to resemble that of WT...

    Moran Nunberg, Nir Werbner, Hadar Neuman, Marina Bersudsky, Alex Braiman, Moshe Ben-Shoshan, Meirav Ben Izhak, Yoram Louzoun, Ron N. Apte, Elena Voronov, Omry Koren
  • Open Access
    Gut Microbiota Offers Universal Biomarkers across Ethnicity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Diagnosis and Infliximab Response Prediction
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Gut Microbiota Offers Universal Biomarkers across Ethnicity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Diagnosis and Infliximab Response Prediction

    In the present report, we show that the human fecal microbiota contains promising and universal biomarkers for the noninvasive evaluation of inflammatory bowel disease severity and IFX treatment efficacy, emphasizing the potential ability to mine the gut microbiota as a modality to stratify IBD patients and apply personalized therapy for optimal outcomes.

    Youlian Zhou, Zhenjiang Zech Xu, Yan He, Yunsheng Yang, Le Liu, Qianyun Lin, Yuqiang Nie, Mingsong Li, Fachao Zhi, Side Liu, Amnon Amir, Antonio González, Anupriya Tripathi, Minhu Chen, Gary D. Wu, Rob Knight, Hongwei Zhou, Ye Chen
  • Open Access
    Development of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Is Linked to a Longitudinal Restructuring of the Gut Metagenome in Mice
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Development of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Is Linked to a Longitudinal Restructuring of the Gut Metagenome in Mice

    IBD patients harbor distinct microbial communities with functional capabilities different from those seen with healthy people. But is this cause or effect? Answering this question requires data on changes in gut microbial communities leading to disease onset. By performing weekly metagenomic sequencing and mixed-effects modeling on an established mouse model of IBD, we identified several functional pathways encoded by the gut microbiome...

    Thomas Sharpton, Svetlana Lyalina, Julie Luong, Joey Pham, Emily M. Deal, Courtney Armour, Christopher Gaulke, Shomyseh Sanjabi, Katherine S. Pollard
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