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inflammation

  • Open Access
    Formula Diet Alters the Ileal Metagenome and Transcriptome at Weaning and during the Postweaning Period in a Porcine Model
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Formula Diet Alters the Ileal Metagenome and Transcriptome at Weaning and during the Postweaning Period in a Porcine Model

    Exclusive human milk (HM) breastfeeding for the first 6 months of age in infants is recommended to improve health outcomes during early life and beyond. When women are unable to provide sufficient HM, milk formula (MF) is often recommended as a complementary or alternative source of nutrition. Previous studies in piglets demonstrated that MF alters the gut microbiome and induces inflammatory cytokine production. The links between MF...

    Ahmed A. Elolimy, Charity Washam, Stephanie Byrum, Celine Chen, Harry Dawson, Anne K. Bowlin, Christopher E. Randolph, Manish K. Saraf, Laxmi Yeruva
  • Open Access
    Human Milk Oligosaccharides Modulate the Risk for Preterm Birth in a Microbiome-Dependent and -Independent Manner
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Human Milk Oligosaccharides Modulate the Risk for Preterm Birth in a Microbiome-Dependent and -Independent Manner

    The causes for preterm birth (PTB) often remain elusive. We investigated whether circulating human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) might be involved in modulating urinary and vaginal microbiome promoting or preventing PTB. We identified here HMOs and key microbial taxa associated with indicators of PTB. Based on our results, we propose two models for how HMOs might modulate risk for PTB: (i) by changes in HMOs associated with sterile...

    Manuela-Raluca Pausan, Vassiliki Kolovetsiou-Kreiner, Gesa Lucia Richter, Tobias Madl, Elisabeth Giselbrecht, Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch, Eva-Christine Weiss, Evelyn Jantscher-Krenn, Christine Moissl-Eichinger
  • Open Access
    Depletion of <em>Blautia</em> Species in the Microbiota of Obese Children Relates to Intestinal Inflammation and Metabolic Phenotype Worsening
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Depletion of Blautia Species in the Microbiota of Obese Children Relates to Intestinal Inflammation and Metabolic Phenotype Worsening

    Child obesity constitutes a risk factor for developing insulin resistance which, if sustained, could lead to more severe conditions like type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adulthood. Our study identified previously unknown species whose depletion (Blautia luti and Blautia wexlerae) is associated with insulin...

    Alfonso Benítez-Páez, Eva M. Gómez del Pugar, Inmaculada López-Almela, Ángela Moya-Pérez, Pilar Codoñer-Franch, Yolanda Sanz
  • Open Access
    Quantitative Proteome Analysis of <em>Atg5</em>-Deficient Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts Reveals the Range of the Autophagy-Modulated Basal Cellular Proteome
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Quantitative Proteome Analysis of Atg5-Deficient Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts Reveals the Range of the Autophagy-Modulated Basal Cellular Proteome

    Autophagy performs housekeeping functions for cells and maintains a functional mode by degrading damaged proteins and organelles and providing energy under starvation conditions. The process is tightly regulated by the evolutionarily conserved Atg genes, of which Atg5 is one such crucial mediator. Here, we have done a comprehensive quantitative proteome analysis of mouse embryonic fibroblasts that lack a functional...

    Kiran Bala Sharma, Manish Sharma, Suruchi Aggarwal, Amit Kumar Yadav, Shinjini Bhatnagar, Sudhanshu Vrati, Manjula Kalia
  • Open Access
    Perinatal Bisphenol A Exposure Induces Chronic Inflammation in Rabbit Offspring via Modulation of Gut Bacteria and Their Metabolites
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Perinatal Bisphenol A Exposure Induces Chronic Inflammation in Rabbit Offspring via Modulation of Gut Bacteria and Their Metabolites

    Emerging evidence suggests that environmental toxicants may influence inflammation-promoted chronic disease susceptibility during early life. BPA, an environmental endocrine disruptor, can transfer across the placenta and accumulate in fetal gut and liver. However, underlying mechanisms for BPA-induced colonic and liver inflammation are not fully elucidated. In this report, we show how perinatal BPA exposure in rabbits alters gut...

    Lavanya Reddivari, D. N. Rao Veeramachaneni, William A. Walters, Catherine Lozupone, Jennifer Palmer, M. K. Kurundu Hewage, Rohil Bhatnagar, Amnon Amir, Mary J. Kennett, Rob Knight, Jairam K. P. Vanamala
  • Open Access
    Moderate Exercise Has Limited but Distinguishable Effects on the Mouse Microbiome
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Moderate Exercise Has Limited but Distinguishable Effects on the Mouse Microbiome

    The bacteria that live in our gut have a complex yet vital relationship with our health. Environmental factors that influence the gut microbiome are of great interest, as recent research demonstrates that these microbes, mostly bacteria, are important for normal host physiology. Diseases such as obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and colon cancer have also been linked to shifts in the microbiome. Exercise is known to have...

    Emily V. Lamoureux, Scott A. Grandy, Morgan G. I. Langille
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