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gut microbiota

  • Open Access
    Alterations in Gut Glutamate Metabolism Associated with Changes in Gut Microbiota Composition in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Alterations in Gut Glutamate Metabolism Associated with Changes in Gut Microbiota Composition in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

    Multiple lines of evidence suggest that the gut microbiota may play an important role in the pathogenesis of ASD, but the specific mechanism is still unclear. Through a comprehensive gut metagenomic and metabolome study of children with ASD, alterations in gut metabolite composition were found in children with ASD, and these alterations were linked to changes in gut microbiota composition. This may give us a deeper understanding of the...

    Mingbang Wang, Jing Wan, Han Rong, Fusheng He, Hui Wang, Jiaxiu Zhou, Chunquan Cai, Yan Wang, Ruihuan Xu, Zhaoqing Yin, Wenhao Zhou
  • Open Access
    Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Beneficially Regulates Intestinal Mucosal Autophagy and Alleviates Gut Barrier Injury
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Beneficially Regulates Intestinal Mucosal Autophagy and Alleviates Gut Barrier Injury

    The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in human and animal health, and its disorder causes multiple diseases. Over the past decade, FMT has gained increasing attention due to the success in treating Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although FMT appears to be effective, how FMT functions in the recipient remains unknown....

    Saisai Cheng, Xin Ma, Shijie Geng, Xuemei Jiang, Yuan Li, Luansha Hu, Jianrong Li, Yizhen Wang, Xinyan Han
  • Open Access
    Genome Reduction in <em>Psychromonas</em> Species within the Gut of an Amphipod from the Ocean’s Deepest Point
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Genome Reduction in Psychromonas Species within the Gut of an Amphipod from the Ocean’s Deepest Point

    As a unique but poorly investigated habitat within marine ecosystems, hadal trenches have received interest in recent years. This study explores the gut microbial composition and function in hadal amphipods, which are among the dominant carrion feeders in hadal habitats. Further analyses of a dominant strain revealed genomic features that may contribute to its adaptation to the amphipod gut environment. Our findings provide new insights...

    Weipeng Zhang, Ren-Mao Tian, Jin Sun, Salim Bougouffa, Wei Ding, Lin Cai, Yi Lan, Haoya Tong, Yongxin Li, Alan J. Jamieson, Vladimir B. Bajic, Jeffrey C. Drazen, Douglas Bartlett, Pei-Yuan Qian
  • Open Access
    Developing a <em>Bacteroides</em> System for Function-Based Screening of DNA from the Human Gut Microbiome
    Research Article | Novel Systems Biology Techniques
    Developing a Bacteroides System for Function-Based Screening of DNA from the Human Gut Microbiome

    Human gut microbiome research has been supported by advances in DNA sequencing that make it possible to obtain gigabases of sequence data from metagenomes but is limited by a lack of knowledge of gene function that leads to incomplete annotation of these data sets. There is a need for the development of methods that can provide experimental data regarding microbial gene function. Functional metagenomics is one such method, but...

    Kathy N. Lam, Eric C. Martens, Trevor C. Charles
  • Open Access
    Gut Microbiota Offers Universal Biomarkers across Ethnicity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Diagnosis and Infliximab Response Prediction
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Gut Microbiota Offers Universal Biomarkers across Ethnicity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Diagnosis and Infliximab Response Prediction

    In the present report, we show that the human fecal microbiota contains promising and universal biomarkers for the noninvasive evaluation of inflammatory bowel disease severity and IFX treatment efficacy, emphasizing the potential ability to mine the gut microbiota as a modality to stratify IBD patients and apply personalized therapy for optimal outcomes.

    Youlian Zhou, Zhenjiang Zech Xu, Yan He, Yunsheng Yang, Le Liu, Qianyun Lin, Yuqiang Nie, Mingsong Li, Fachao Zhi, Side Liu, Amnon Amir, Antonio González, Anupriya Tripathi, Minhu Chen, Gary D. Wu, Rob Knight, Hongwei Zhou, Ye Chen
  • Open Access
    Colonic Butyrate-Producing Communities in Humans: an Overview Using Omics Data
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Colonic Butyrate-Producing Communities in Humans: an Overview Using Omics Data

    Studies focusing on taxonomic compositions of the gut microbiota are plentiful, whereas its functional capabilities are still poorly understood. Specific key functions deserve detailed investigations, as they regulate microbiota-host interactions and promote host health and disease. The production of butyrate is among the top targets since depletion of this microbe-derived metabolite is linked to several emerging noncommunicable...

    Marius Vital, André Karch, Dietmar H. Pieper
  • Open Access
    The Induction of Oxalate Metabolism <em>In Vivo</em> Is More Effective with Functional Microbial Communities than with Functional Microbial Species
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    The Induction of Oxalate Metabolism In Vivo Is More Effective with Functional Microbial Communities than with Functional Microbial Species

    Oxalate is a central component in 80% of kidney stones. While mammals do not possess the enzymes to degrade oxalate, many gastrointestinal bacteria are efficient oxalate degraders. We examined the role of cohesive microbial networks for oxalate metabolism, using Sprague-Dawley rats as a model host. While the transplantation of oxalate-degrading bacteria alone to the Sprague-Dawley hosts did increase oxalate metabolism, fecal transplants...

    Aaron W. Miller, Colin Dale, M. Denise Dearing
  • Open Access
    Meta-analysis To Define a Core Microbiota in the Swine Gut
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Meta-analysis To Define a Core Microbiota in the Swine Gut

    The results of this meta-analysis demonstrate that “study” and GI sample location are the most significant factors in shaping the swine gut microbiota. However, in comparisons of results from different studies, some biological factors may be obscured by technical variation among studies. Nonetheless, there are some bacterial taxa that appear to form a core microbiota within the swine GI tract regardless of country of origin, diet, age,...

    Devin B. Holman, Brian W. Brunelle, Julian Trachsel, Heather K. Allen
  • Open Access
    Lifestyle and Horizontal Gene Transfer-Mediated Evolution of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Mucispirillum schaedleri</span>, a Core Member of the Murine Gut Microbiota
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Lifestyle and Horizontal Gene Transfer-Mediated Evolution of Mucispirillum schaedleri, a Core Member of the Murine Gut Microbiota

    Shifts in gut microbiota composition have been associated with intestinal inflammation, but it remains unclear whether inflammation-associated bacteria are commensal or detrimental to their host. Here, we studied the lifestyle of the gut bacterium Mucispirillum schaedleri, which is associated with inflammation in widely used mouse models. We found that M....

    Alexander Loy, Carina Pfann, Michaela Steinberger, Buck Hanson, Simone Herp, Sandrine Brugiroux, João Carlos Gomes Neto, Mark V. Boekschoten, Clarissa Schwab, Tim Urich, Amanda E. Ramer-Tait, Thomas Rattei, Bärbel Stecher, David Berry
  • Open Access
    Farnesoid X Receptor Signaling Shapes the Gut Microbiota and Controls Hepatic Lipid Metabolism
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Farnesoid X Receptor Signaling Shapes the Gut Microbiota and Controls Hepatic Lipid Metabolism

    The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) plays an important role in mediating the dialog between the host and gut microbiota, particularly through modulation of enterohepatic circulation of bile acids. Mounting evidence suggests that genetic ablation of Fxr in the gut or gut-restricted chemical antagonism of the FXR promotes beneficial health effects, including the prevention of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rodent models. However...

    Limin Zhang, Cen Xie, Robert G. Nichols, Siu H. J. Chan, Changtao Jiang, Ruixin Hao, Philip B. Smith, Jingwei Cai, Margaret N. Simons, Emmanuel Hatzakis, Costas D. Maranas, Frank J. Gonzalez, Andrew D. Patterson
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