gut microbiome
Minireview | Host-Microbe BiologyBiomimetic Gut Model Systems for Development of Targeted Microbial Solutions for Enhancing Warfighter Health and PerformanceThe human gut microbiome plays a vital role in both health and disease states and as a mediator of cognitive and physical performance. Despite major advances in our understanding of the role of gut microbes in host physiology, mechanisms underlying human-microbiome dynamics have yet to be fully elucidated.
Research Article | Host-Microbe BiologyGut Microbiota and Host Thermoregulation in Response to Ambient Temperature FluctuationsWhether gut microbiota play a role in regulating host phenotypic plasticity in small mammals living in seasonal environments has rarely been examined. The present study, through an intermittent temperature acclimation model, indicates that both gut microbiota and their host were more adaptive after repeated acclimations. It also demonstrates that dynamic gut microbiota confer host plasticity in thermoregulation in response to...
Observation | Host-Microbe BiologyReduced Independence in Daily Living Is Associated with the Gut Microbiome in People with HIV and HCVThe microbes in the gut and the chemicals they produce by metabolism have been linked to brain function. In earlier work, we showed that infection with two viruses, HIV and HCV, changed the gut microbes and metabolism in ways that were associated with a lifetime history of major depressive disorder. Here, we extend this analysis looking at a measurement of independence in daily living. We find that in individuals with HIV, whether or...
Editor's Pick Research Article | Host-Microbe BiologyStrain-Level Analysis of Bifidobacterium spp. from Gut Microbiomes of Adults with Differing Lactase Persistence GenotypesWhen humans domesticated animals, some adapted genetically to digest milk into adulthood (lactase persistence). The gut microbiomes of people with lactase-persistent genotypes (AA or AG) differ from those with lactase-nonpersistent genotypes (GG) by containing fewer bacteria belonging to the bifidobacteria, a group which contains beneficial species. Here, we asked if the gut microbiomes of adults with GG and AA/AG genotypes differ in...
Research Article | Host-Microbe BiologyDepression in Individuals Coinfected with HIV and HCV Is Associated with Systematic Differences in the Gut Microbiome and MetabolomeThe human gut microbiome influences depression. Differences between the microbiomes of HIV-infected and uninfected individuals have been described, but it is not known whether these are due to HIV itself, or to common HIV comorbidities such as HCV coinfection. Limited research has explored the influence of the microbiome on depression within these groups. Here, we characterized the microbial community and metabolome in the stools from...
Research Article | Host-Microbe BiologyMicrobe-Metabolite Associations Linked to the Rebounding Murine Gut Microbiome Postcolonization with Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faeciumThis study demonstrates the importance and power of linking bacterial composition profiling with metabolomics to find the interactions between commensal gut bacteria and a specific pathogen. Knowledge from this research will inform gut microbiome engineering strategies, with the aim of translating observations from animal models to human-relevant therapeutic applications.
Perspective | Host-Microbe BiologyCOVID-19 and the Gut Microbiome: More than a Gut FeelingDue to its fundamental role in the induction, training, and function of the immune system, it is critical to include characterizations of the gut microbiome in clinical trials and studies that aim to broaden our understanding of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Understanding the “gut-lung axes,” where gut microbiome composition influences the lung’s susceptibility to viral infections and viral infections of the lung alter gut...
Research Article | Host-Microbe BiologyAlterations in the Gut Microbiome in the Progression of Cirrhosis to Hepatocellular CarcinomaDevelopment of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis is associated with alterations in intestinal microbiota, including an escalation of dysbiosis and reduced bacterial richness. This study demonstrates that reduced bacterial richness and dysbiosis escalate with the progression of cirrhosis from compensated to decompensated cirrhosis and to HCC-associated cirrhosis (HCC-cirrhosis). Moreover, we report for the first time...
Research Article | Host-Microbe BiologyThe Gut Microbial Diversity of Newly Diagnosed Diabetics but Not of Prediabetics Is Significantly Different from That of Healthy NondiabeticsGut microbiota is considered to play a role in disease progression, and previous studies have reported an association of microbiome dysbiosis with T2D. In this study, we have attempted to investigate gut microbiota of ND, PreDMs, NewDMs, and KnownDMs. We found that the genera Akkermansia and Blautia decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in treatment-naive diabetics and were restored in KnownDMs on antidiabetic...
Research Article | Host-Microbe BiologyThe Gut Microbiota in Camellia Weevils Are Influenced by Plant Secondary Metabolites and Contribute to Saponin DegradationThe gut microbiome may play an important role in insect-plant interactions mediated by plant secondary metabolites, but the microbial communities and functions of toxic plant feeders are still poorly characterized. In the present study, we provide the first metagenome of gut bacterial communities associated with a specialist weevil feeding on saponin-rich and saponin-low camellia seeds, and the results reveal the correlation between...