butyrate
Research ArticleChildren with Autism and Their Typically Developing Siblings Differ in Amplicon Sequence Variants and Predicted Functions of Stool-Associated MicrobesAutism spectrum disorder (ASD), which now affects 1 in 59 children in the United States, is known to have comorbidity with gut disorders of a variety of types; however, the link to the microbiome remains poorly characterized. Recent work has provided compelling evidence to link the gut microbiome to the autism phenotype in mouse models, but identification of specific taxa associated with autism has suffered replicability issues in...
Research ArticleDysbiosis in Metabolic Genes of the Gut Microbiomes of Patients with an Ileo-anal Pouch Resembles That Observed in Crohn's DiseaseCrohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and pouchitis are chronic inflammatory conditions of the bowel. Pouchitis develops in former UC patients after proctocolectomy and ileal-pouch-anal anastomosis and is characterized by inflammation of the previously normal small intestine comprising the pouch.
Research Article | Host-Microbe BiologySpatial Compartmentalization of the Microbiome between the Lumen and Crypts Is Lost in the Murine Cecum following the Process of Surgery, Including Overnight Fasting and Exposure to AntibioticsThe proximal colon and cecum are two intestinal regions in which the microbiome localizes to two spatially distinct compartments, the lumen and crypts. The differences in composition and function of luminal and crypt microbiome in the cecum and the effect of physiological stress on their compartmentalization remain poorly characterized. Here, we characterized the composition and function of the lumen-, mucus-, and crypt-associated...
Research Article | Novel Systems Biology TechniquesSpecies Deletions from Microbiome Consortia Reveal Key Metabolic Interactions between Gut MicrobesGut microbes associate, compete for, and specialize in specific metabolic tasks. These interactions are dictated by the cross-feeding of degradation or fermentation products. However, the individual contribution of microbes to the function of the gut microbiome is difficult to evaluate. It is essential to understand the complexity of microbial interactions and how the presence or absence of specific microorganisms affects the stability...
Research Article | Host-Microbe BiologyColonic Butyrate-Producing Communities in Humans: an Overview Using Omics DataStudies focusing on taxonomic compositions of the gut microbiota are plentiful, whereas its functional capabilities are still poorly understood. Specific key functions deserve detailed investigations, as they regulate microbiota-host interactions and promote host health and disease. The production of butyrate is among the top targets since depletion of this microbe-derived metabolite is linked to several emerging noncommunicable...
Editor's Pick Research Article | Host-Microbe BiologyFunctional Changes in the Gut Microbiome Contribute to Transforming Growth Factor β-Deficient Colon CancerMost research on the gut microbiome in colon cancer focuses on taxonomic changes at the genus level using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Here, we develop a new methodology to integrate DNA and RNA data sets to examine functional shifts at the species level that are important to tumor development. We uncover several metabolic pathways in the microbiome that, when perturbed by host genetics and H. hepaticus inoculation, contribute to...
Perspective | Host-Microbe BiologyThe Microbiome-Mitochondrion Connection: Common Ancestries, Common Mechanisms, Common GoalsLynn Margulis in the 1960s elegantly proposed a shared phylogenetic history between bacteria and mitochondria; this relationship has since become a cornerstone of modern cellular biology. Yet, an interesting facet of the interaction between the microbiome and mitochondria has been mostly ignored, that of the systems biology relationship that underpins host health and longevity.