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butyrate

  • Open Access
    Children with Autism and Their Typically Developing Siblings Differ in Amplicon Sequence Variants and Predicted Functions of Stool-Associated Microbes
    Research Article
    Children with Autism and Their Typically Developing Siblings Differ in Amplicon Sequence Variants and Predicted Functions of Stool-Associated Microbes

    Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which now affects 1 in 59 children in the United States, is known to have comorbidity with gut disorders of a variety of types; however, the link to the microbiome remains poorly characterized. Recent work has provided compelling evidence to link the gut microbiome to the autism phenotype in mouse models, but identification of specific taxa associated with autism has suffered replicability issues in...

    Maude M. David, Christine Tataru, Jena Daniels, Jessey Schwartz, Jessica Keating, Jarrad Hampton-Marcell, Neil Gottel, Jack A. Gilbert, Dennis P. Wall
  • Open Access
    Dysbiosis in Metabolic Genes of the Gut Microbiomes of Patients with an Ileo-anal Pouch Resembles That Observed in Crohn's Disease
    Research Article
    Dysbiosis in Metabolic Genes of the Gut Microbiomes of Patients with an Ileo-anal Pouch Resembles That Observed in Crohn's Disease

    Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and pouchitis are chronic inflammatory conditions of the bowel. Pouchitis develops in former UC patients after proctocolectomy and ileal-pouch-anal anastomosis and is characterized by inflammation of the previously normal small intestine comprising the pouch.

    Vadim Dubinsky, Leah Reshef, Keren Rabinowitz, Karin Yadgar, Lihi Godny, Keren Zonensain, Nir Wasserberg, Iris Dotan, Uri Gophna
  • Open Access
    Spatial Compartmentalization of the Microbiome between the Lumen and Crypts Is Lost in the Murine Cecum following the Process of Surgery, Including Overnight Fasting and Exposure to Antibiotics
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Spatial Compartmentalization of the Microbiome between the Lumen and Crypts Is Lost in the Murine Cecum following the Process of Surgery, Including Overnight Fasting and Exposure to Antibiotics

    The proximal colon and cecum are two intestinal regions in which the microbiome localizes to two spatially distinct compartments, the lumen and crypts. The differences in composition and function of luminal and crypt microbiome in the cecum and the effect of physiological stress on their compartmentalization remain poorly characterized. Here, we characterized the composition and function of the lumen-, mucus-, and crypt-associated...

    Alexander Zaborin, Beatriz Penalver Bernabe, Robert Keskey, Naseer Sangwan, Sanjiv Hyoju, Neil Gottel, Jack A. Gilbert, Olga Zaborina, John C. Alverdy
  • Open Access
    Species Deletions from Microbiome Consortia Reveal Key Metabolic Interactions between Gut Microbes
    Research Article | Novel Systems Biology Techniques
    Species Deletions from Microbiome Consortia Reveal Key Metabolic Interactions between Gut Microbes

    Gut microbes associate, compete for, and specialize in specific metabolic tasks. These interactions are dictated by the cross-feeding of degradation or fermentation products. However, the individual contribution of microbes to the function of the gut microbiome is difficult to evaluate. It is essential to understand the complexity of microbial interactions and how the presence or absence of specific microorganisms affects the stability...

    Natalia Gutiérrez, Daniel Garrido
  • Open Access
    Colonic Butyrate-Producing Communities in Humans: an Overview Using Omics Data
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Colonic Butyrate-Producing Communities in Humans: an Overview Using Omics Data

    Studies focusing on taxonomic compositions of the gut microbiota are plentiful, whereas its functional capabilities are still poorly understood. Specific key functions deserve detailed investigations, as they regulate microbiota-host interactions and promote host health and disease. The production of butyrate is among the top targets since depletion of this microbe-derived metabolite is linked to several emerging noncommunicable...

    Marius Vital, André Karch, Dietmar H. Pieper
  • Open Access
    Functional Changes in the Gut Microbiome Contribute to Transforming Growth Factor β-Deficient Colon Cancer
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Functional Changes in the Gut Microbiome Contribute to Transforming Growth Factor β-Deficient Colon Cancer

    Most research on the gut microbiome in colon cancer focuses on taxonomic changes at the genus level using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Here, we develop a new methodology to integrate DNA and RNA data sets to examine functional shifts at the species level that are important to tumor development. We uncover several metabolic pathways in the microbiome that, when perturbed by host genetics and H. hepaticus inoculation, contribute to...

    Scott G. Daniel, Corbie L. Ball, David G. Besselsen, Tom Doetschman, Bonnie L. Hurwitz
  • Open Access
    The Microbiome-Mitochondrion Connection: Common Ancestries, Common Mechanisms, Common Goals
    Perspective | Host-Microbe Biology
    The Microbiome-Mitochondrion Connection: Common Ancestries, Common Mechanisms, Common Goals

    Lynn Margulis in the 1960s elegantly proposed a shared phylogenetic history between bacteria and mitochondria; this relationship has since become a cornerstone of modern cellular biology. Yet, an interesting facet of the interaction between the microbiome and mitochondria has been mostly ignored, that of the systems biology relationship that underpins host health and longevity.

    Alfredo Franco-Obregón, Jack A. Gilbert
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