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bacteriophage

  • Open Access
    A Family of Viral Satellites Manipulates Invading Virus Gene Expression and Can Affect Cholera Toxin Mobilization
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    A Family of Viral Satellites Manipulates Invading Virus Gene Expression and Can Affect Cholera Toxin Mobilization

    Viral satellites are found in all domains of life and can have profound fitness effects on both the viruses they parasitize and the cells they reside in. In this study, we have acquired the first RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) transcriptomes of viral satellites outside plants, as well as the transcriptome of the phage ICP1, a predominant predator of pandemic Vibrio cholerae...

    Zachary K. Barth, Zoe Netter, Angus Angermeyer, Pooja Bhardwaj, Kimberley D. Seed
  • Open Access
    A Distinct Contractile Injection System Gene Cluster Found in a Majority of Healthy Adult Human Microbiomes
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    A Distinct Contractile Injection System Gene Cluster Found in a Majority of Healthy Adult Human Microbiomes

    To engage with host cells, diverse pathogenic bacteria produce syringe-like structures called contractile injection systems (CIS). CIS are evolutionarily related to the contractile tails of bacteriophages and are specialized to puncture membranes, often delivering effectors to target cells. Although CIS are key for pathogens to cause disease, paradoxically, similar injection systems have been identified within healthy human microbiome...

    Maria I. Rojas, Giselle S. Cavalcanti, Katelyn McNair, Sean Benler, Amanda T. Alker, Ana G. Cobián-Güemes, Melissa Giluso, Kyle Levi, Forest Rohwer, Barbara A. Bailey, Sinem Beyhan, Robert A. Edwards, Nicholas J. Shikuma
  • Open Access
    Impact of the Novel Prophage ϕSA169 on Persistent Methicillin-Resistant <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Staphylococcus aureus</span> Endovascular Infection
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Impact of the Novel Prophage ϕSA169 on Persistent Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Endovascular Infection

    Bacteriophages are viruses that invade the bacterial host, disrupt bacterial metabolism, and cause the bacterium to lyse. Because of its remarkable antibacterial activity and unique advantages over antibiotics, for instance, bacteriophage is specific for one species of bacteria and resistance to phage is less common than resistance to antibiotics. Indeed, bacteriophage therapy for treating infections due to multidrug-resistant pathogens...

    Liang Li, Genzhu Wang, Yi Li, Patrice Francois, Arnold S. Bayer, Liang Chen, Kati Seidl, Ambrose Cheung, Yan Q. Xiong
  • Open Access
    Initial Mapping of the New York City Wastewater Virome
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Initial Mapping of the New York City Wastewater Virome

    Wastewater is a rich source of microbial life and contains bacteria, viruses, and other microbes found in human waste as well as environmental runoff sources. As part of an effort to characterize the New York City wastewater metagenome, we profiled the viral community of sewage samples across all five boroughs of NYC and found that local sampling sites have unique sets of viruses. We focused on bacteriophages, or viruses of bacteria, to...

    K. Gulino, J. Rahman, M. Badri, J. Morton, R. Bonneau, E. Ghedin
  • Open Access
    <em>Alteromonas</em> Myovirus V22 Represents a New Genus of Marine Bacteriophages Requiring a Tail Fiber Chaperone for Host Recognition
    Research Article | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    Alteromonas Myovirus V22 Represents a New Genus of Marine Bacteriophages Requiring a Tail Fiber Chaperone for Host Recognition

    Host recognition by phage-encoded receptor binding proteins (RBPs) constitutes the first step in all phage infections and the most critical determinant of host specificity. By characterizing new types of RBPs and identifying their essential chaperones, we hope to expand the repertoire of known phage-host recognition machineries. Due to their genetic plasticity, studying RBPs and their associated chaperones can shed new light onto viral...

    Rafael Gonzalez-Serrano, Matthew Dunne, Riccardo Rosselli, Ana-Belen Martin-Cuadrado, Virginie Grosboillot, Léa V. Zinsli, Juan J. Roda-Garcia, Martin J. Loessner, Francisco Rodriguez-Valera
  • Open Access
    Isolation and Characterization of the Novel Phage JD032 and Global Transcriptomic Response during JD032 Infection of <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Clostridioides difficile</span> Ribotype 078
    Research Article | Therapeutics and Prevention
    Isolation and Characterization of the Novel Phage JD032 and Global Transcriptomic Response during JD032 Infection of Clostridioides difficile Ribotype 078

    C. difficile is one of the most clinically significant intestinal pathogens. Although phages have been shown to effectively control C. difficile infection, the host responses to phage predation have not been fully studied. In this study, we reported the isolation and characterization of a new phage...

    Tinghua Li, Yan Zhang, Ke Dong, Chih-Jung Kuo, Chong Li, Yong-Qiang Zhu, Jinhong Qin, Qing-Tian Li, Yung-Fu Chang, Xiaokui Guo, Yongzhang Zhu
  • Open Access
    Stable Neutralization of a Virulence Factor in Bacteria Using Temperate Phage in the Mammalian Gut
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Therapeutics and Prevention
    Stable Neutralization of a Virulence Factor in Bacteria Using Temperate Phage in the Mammalian Gut

    With the increasing frequency of antibiotic resistance, it is critical to explore new therapeutic strategies for treating bacterial infections. Here, we use a temperate phage, i.e., one that integrates itself into the bacterial genome, to neutralize the expression of a virulence factor by modifying bacterial function at the genetic level. We show that Shiga toxin production can be significantly reduced in vitro and in the...

    Bryan B. Hsu, Jeffrey C. Way, Pamela A. Silver
  • Open Access
    Trends of Microdiversity Reveal Depth-Dependent Evolutionary Strategies of Viruses in the Mediterranean
    Research Article | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    Trends of Microdiversity Reveal Depth-Dependent Evolutionary Strategies of Viruses in the Mediterranean

    Viruses are extremely abundant and diverse biological entities that contribute to the functioning of marine ecosystems. Despite their recognized importance, few studies have addressed trends of mutation accumulation in marine viral communities across depth gradients. By investigating these trends, we show that mutation frequencies differ among viral genes according to their molecular functions, with the highest microdiversity occurring...

    Felipe Hernandes Coutinho, Riccardo Rosselli, Francisco Rodríguez-Valera
  • Open Access
    Lying in Wait: Modeling the Control of Bacterial Infections via Antibiotic-Induced Proviruses
    Research Article | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    Lying in Wait: Modeling the Control of Bacterial Infections via Antibiotic-Induced Proviruses

    Antibiotic resistance is a growing concern for management of common bacterial infections. Here, we show that antibiotics can be effective at subinhibitory levels when bacteria carry latent phage. Our findings suggest that specific treatment strategies based on the identification of latent viruses in individual bacterial strains may be an effective personalized medicine approach to antibiotic stewardship.

    Sara M. Clifton, Ted Kim, Jayadevi H. Chandrashekhar, George A. O’Toole, Zoi Rapti, Rachel J. Whitaker
  • Open Access
    The Power of Metabolism for Predicting Microbial Community Dynamics
    Special Issue Perspective | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    The Power of Metabolism for Predicting Microbial Community Dynamics

    Quantitative understanding and prediction of microbial community dynamics are an outstanding challenge. We test the hypothesis that metabolic mechanisms provide a foundation for accurate prediction of dynamics in microbial systems. In our research, metabolic models have been able to accurately predict species interactions, evolutionary trajectories, and response to perturbation in simple synthetic consortia.

    Jeremy M. Chacón, William R. Harcombe

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