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Archaea

  • Open Access
    Selective Translation of Low Abundance and Upregulated Transcripts in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Halobacterium salinarum</span>
    Research Article | Novel Systems Biology Techniques
    Selective Translation of Low Abundance and Upregulated Transcripts in Halobacterium salinarum

    Our findings demonstrate conclusively that low abundance and upregulated transcripts are preferentially translated, potentially by environment-specific translation systems with distinct ribosomal protein composition. We show that a complex interplay of transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation underlies the conditional and modular regulatory programs that generate ribosomes of distinct protein composition. The modular...

    Adrián López García de Lomana, Ulrike Kusebauch, Arjun V. Raman, Min Pan, Serdar Turkarslan, Alan P. R. Lorenzetti, Robert L. Moritz, Nitin S. Baliga
  • Open Access
    Phages Actively Challenge Niche Communities in Antarctic Soils
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    Phages Actively Challenge Niche Communities in Antarctic Soils

    In Antarctic environments, the combination of both abiotic and biotic stressors results in simple trophic levels dominated by microbiomes. Although the past two decades have revealed substantial insights regarding the diversity and structure of microbiomes, we lack mechanistic insights regarding community interactions and how phages may affect these. By providing the first evidence of widespread antiphage innate immunity, we shed light...

    Oliver K. I. Bezuidt, Pedro Humberto Lebre, Rian Pierneef, Carlos León-Sobrino, Evelien M. Adriaenssens, Don A. Cowan, Yves Van de Peer, Thulani P. Makhalanyane
  • Open Access
    Contrasting Biogeographic Patterns of Bacterial and Archaeal Diversity in the Top- and Subsoils of Temperate Grasslands
    Research Article | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    Contrasting Biogeographic Patterns of Bacterial and Archaeal Diversity in the Top- and Subsoils of Temperate Grasslands

    Exploring the biogeographic patterns of soil microbial diversity is critical for understanding mechanisms underlying the response of soil processes to climate change. Using top- and subsoils from an ∼1,500-km temperate grassland transect, we find divergent patterns of microbial diversity and its determinants in the topsoil versus the subsoil. Furthermore, we find important and direct legacy effects of historical climate change on the...

    Nana Liu, Huifeng Hu, Wenhong Ma, Ye Deng, Yuqing Liu, Baihui Hao, Xinying Zhang, Dimitar Dimitrov, Xiaojuan Feng, Zhiheng Wang
  • Open Access
    Holistic Assessment of Rumen Microbiome Dynamics through Quantitative Metatranscriptomics Reveals Multifunctional Redundancy during Key Steps of Anaerobic Feed Degradation
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Holistic Assessment of Rumen Microbiome Dynamics through Quantitative Metatranscriptomics Reveals Multifunctional Redundancy during Key Steps of Anaerobic Feed Degradation

    Ruminant animals, such as cows, live in a tight symbiotic association with microorganisms, allowing them to feed on otherwise indigestible plant biomass as food sources. Methane is produced as an end product of the anaerobic feed degradation in ruminants and is emitted to the atmosphere, making ruminant animals among the major anthropogenic sources of the potent greenhouse gas methane. Using newly developed quantitative...

    Andrea Söllinger, Alexander Tøsdal Tveit, Morten Poulsen, Samantha Joan Noel, Mia Bengtsson, Jörg Bernhardt, Anne Louise Frydendahl Hellwing, Peter Lund, Katharina Riedel, Christa Schleper, Ole Højberg, Tim Urich
  • Open Access
    Revival of Archaeal Methane Microbiology
    Special Issue Perspective | Applied and Environmental Science
    Revival of Archaeal Methane Microbiology

    The methane concentration in the Earth’s atmosphere is rising, and, as methane is a potent greenhouse gas, it contributes considerably to climate change. It is produced by methanogenic archaea that thrive in anoxic habitats and can be oxidized by methane-oxidizing bacteria or archaea.

    Cornelia U. Welte
  • Open Access
    An Important Role for Purifying Selection in Archaeal Genome Evolution
    Observation | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    An Important Role for Purifying Selection in Archaeal Genome Evolution

    The evolution of genome complexities is a fundamental question in biology. A hallmark of eukaryotic genome complexity is that larger genomes tend to have more noncoding sequences, which are believed to be minimal in archaeal and bacterial genomes. However, we found that archaeal genomes also possessed this eukaryotic feature while bacterial genomes did not. This could be predicted from our analysis of genetic drift, which showed relaxed...

    Zhe Lyu, Zhi-Gang Li, Fei He, Ziding Zhang
  • Open Access
    Systematic Discovery of Archaeal Transcription Factor Functions in Regulatory Networks through Quantitative Phenotyping Analysis
    Research Article | Novel Systems Biology Techniques
    Systematic Discovery of Archaeal Transcription Factor Functions in Regulatory Networks through Quantitative Phenotyping Analysis

    To ensure survival in the face of stress, microorganisms employ inducible damage repair pathways regulated by extensive and complex gene networks. Many archaea, microorganisms of the third domain of life, persist under extremes of temperature, salinity, and pH and under other conditions. In order to understand the cause-effect relationships between the dynamic function of the stress network and ultimate physiological consequences, this...

    Cynthia L. Darnell, Peter D. Tonner, Jordan G. Gulli, Scott C. Schmidler, Amy K. Schmid
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