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antibiotic resistance

  • Open Access
    A Gene Cluster That Encodes Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Contributes to Bacterial Persistence and Antibiotic Tolerance in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Burkholderia thailandensis</span>
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    A Gene Cluster That Encodes Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Contributes to Bacterial Persistence and Antibiotic Tolerance in Burkholderia thailandensis

    The discovery of antibiotics such as penicillin and streptomycin marked a historic milestone in the 1940s and heralded a new era of antimicrobial therapy as the modern standard for medical treatment. Yet, even in those early days of discovery, it was noted that a small subset of cells (∼1 in 105) survived antibiotic treatment and continued to persist, leading to recurrence of chronic infection. These persisters are phenotypic...

    Sofiya N. Micheva-Viteva, Migun Shakya, Samantha H. Adikari, Cheryl D. Gleasner, Nileena Velappan, Judith R. Mourant, Patrick S. G. Chain, Elizabeth Hong-Geller
  • Open Access
    From Modules to Networks: a Systems-Level Analysis of the Bacitracin Stress Response in <span class="named-content genus-species" id="named-content-1">Bacillus subtilis</span>
    Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology
    From Modules to Networks: a Systems-Level Analysis of the Bacitracin Stress Response in Bacillus subtilis

    Antibiotic resistance poses a major threat to global health, and systematic studies to understand the underlying resistance mechanisms are urgently needed. Although significant progress has been made in deciphering the mechanistic basis of individual resistance determinants, many bacterial species rely on the induction of a whole battery of resistance modules, and the complex regulatory networks controlling these modules in response to...

    Hannah Piepenbreier, Andre Sim, Carolin M. Kobras, Jara Radeck, Thorsten Mascher, Susanne Gebhard, Georg Fritz
  • Open Access
    Lying in Wait: Modeling the Control of Bacterial Infections via Antibiotic-Induced Proviruses
    Research Article | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    Lying in Wait: Modeling the Control of Bacterial Infections via Antibiotic-Induced Proviruses

    Antibiotic resistance is a growing concern for management of common bacterial infections. Here, we show that antibiotics can be effective at subinhibitory levels when bacteria carry latent phage. Our findings suggest that specific treatment strategies based on the identification of latent viruses in individual bacterial strains may be an effective personalized medicine approach to antibiotic stewardship.

    Sara M. Clifton, Ted Kim, Jayadevi H. Chandrashekhar, George A. O’Toole, Zoi Rapti, Rachel J. Whitaker
  • Open Access
    Longitudinal Comparison of Bacterial Diversity and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in New York City Sewage
    Research Article | Applied and Environmental Science
    Longitudinal Comparison of Bacterial Diversity and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in New York City Sewage

    Urban sewage or wastewater is a diverse source of bacterial growth, as well as a hot spot for the development of environmental antibiotic resistance, which can in turn influence the health of the residents of the city. As part of a larger study to characterize the urban New York City microbial metagenome, we collected raw sewage samples representing three seasonal time points spanning the five boroughs of NYC and went on to characterize...

    Susan M. Joseph, Thomas Battaglia, Julia M. Maritz, Jane M. Carlton, Martin J. Blaser
  • Open Access
    Comparative Genome Analysis of an Extensively Drug-Resistant Isolate of Avian Sequence Type 167 <em>Escherichia coli</em> Strain Sanji with Novel <em>In Silico</em> Serotype O89b:H9
    Research Article | Host-Microbe Biology
    Comparative Genome Analysis of an Extensively Drug-Resistant Isolate of Avian Sequence Type 167 Escherichia coli Strain Sanji with Novel In Silico Serotype O89b:H9

    E. coli strain Sanji is the first sequenced and analyzed genome of the recently emerged pathogenic XDR strains with sequence type ST167 and novel in silico serotype O89b:H9. Comparison of the genomes of Sanji with other ST167 strains revealed distinct sets of different plasmids, mobile IS elements, and antibiotic resistance genes in each genome, indicating...

    Xiancheng Zeng, Xuelin Chi, Brian T. Ho, Damee Moon, Christine Lambert, Richard J. Hall, Primo Baybayan, Shihua Wang, Brenda A. Wilson, Mengfei Ho
  • Open Access
    Mobile Compensatory Mutations Promote Plasmid Survival
    Research Article | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    Mobile Compensatory Mutations Promote Plasmid Survival

    Understanding the evolutionary forces that maintain antibiotic resistance genes in a population, especially when antibiotics are not used, is an important problem for human health and society. The most common platform for the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes is conjugative plasmids. Experimental studies showed that mutations located on the plasmid or the bacterial chromosome can reduce the costs plasmids impose on their...

    Martin Zwanzig, Ellie Harrison, Michael A. Brockhurst, James P. J. Hall, Thomas U. Berendonk, Uta Berger
  • Open Access
    Antimicrobial Chemicals Associate with Microbial Function and Antibiotic Resistance Indoors
    Research Article | Applied and Environmental Science
    Antimicrobial Chemicals Associate with Microbial Function and Antibiotic Resistance Indoors

    The ubiquitous use of antimicrobial chemicals may have undesired consequences, particularly on microbes in buildings. This study shows that the taxonomy and function of microbes in indoor dust are strongly associated with antimicrobial chemicals—more so than any other feature of the buildings. Moreover, we identified links between antimicrobial chemical concentrations in dust and culturable bacteria that are cross-resistant to three...

    Ashkaan K. Fahimipour, Sarah Ben Maamar, Alexander G. McFarland, Ryan A. Blaustein, Jing Chen, Adam J. Glawe, Jeff Kline, Jessica L. Green, Rolf U. Halden, Kevin Van Den Wymelenberg, Curtis Huttenhower, Erica M. Hartmann
  • Open Access
    Loss of Bacitracin Resistance Due to a Large Genomic Deletion among <em>Bacillus anthracis</em> Strains
    Research Article | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    Loss of Bacitracin Resistance Due to a Large Genomic Deletion among Bacillus anthracis Strains

    Anthrax is caused by Bacillus anthracis, an endospore-forming soil bacterium. The genetic diversity of B. anthracis is known to be low compared with that of Bacillus species. In this study, we performed whole-genome sequencing of...

    Yoshikazu Furuta, Hayato Harima, Emiko Ito, Fumito Maruyama, Naomi Ohnishi, Ken Osaki, Hirohito Ogawa, David Squarre, Bernard Mudenda Hang'ombe, Hideaki Higashi
  • Open Access
    Black Queen Evolution and Trophic Interactions Determine Plasmid Survival after the Disruption of the Conjugation Network
    Editor's Pick Research Article | Ecological and Evolutionary Science
    Black Queen Evolution and Trophic Interactions Determine Plasmid Survival after the Disruption of the Conjugation Network

    Bacterial antibiotic resistance is often a part of mobile genetic elements that move from one bacterium to another. By interfering with the horizontal movement and the maintenance of these elements, it is possible to remove the resistance from the population. Here, we show that a so-called plasmid-dependent bacteriophage causes the initially resistant bacterial population to become susceptible to antibiotics. However, this effect is...

    Johannes Cairns, Katariina Koskinen, Reetta Penttinen, Tommi Patinen, Anna Hartikainen, Roosa Jokela, Liisa Ruusulehto, Sirja Viitamäki, Sari Mattila, Teppo Hiltunen, Matti Jalasvuori
  • Open Access
    Bacteriophages Synergize with the Gut Microbial Community To Combat <em>Salmonella</em>
    Research Article | Therapeutics and Prevention
    Bacteriophages Synergize with the Gut Microbial Community To Combat Salmonella

    Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are a global threat. Therefore, alternative approaches for combatting bacteria, especially antibiotic-resistant bacteria, are urgently needed. Using a human gut microbiota model, we demonstrate that bacteriophages (phages) are able to substantially decrease pathogenic Salmonella without perturbing the microbiota. Conversely, antibiotic treatment leads to the eradication of close to all commensal...

    Yue O. O. Hu, Luisa W. Hugerth, Carina Bengtsson, Arlisa Alisjahbana, Maike Seifert, Anaga Kamal, Åsa Sjöling, Tore Midtvedt, Elisabeth Norin, Juan Du, Lars Engstrand

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